Im Going by Tristan Bernard - 748 Words

The one act play â€Å"I’m Going† by Tristan Bernard who was a â€Å"French playwright, novelist, journalist, and lawyer† (1995) , wrote of two characters Henri and his wife Jeanne who were caught in an interesting dilemma that most of us that are married have been in before. Marriage can at times come to a crossroads due to how love doesn’t mean that the involved have the exact same interests in life. Tristan Bernard builds a great comedic play for those of us who can put ourselves in Henri and Jeanne’s places. While using a reader-response approach you can dive into this play with imagination to put yourself in their place, the imagery of her muddy dress while complaining about the races, and the tone of two happily married people deciding what to do on a could soon rain Sunday afternoon, you’ll understand how real life this situation could be and how well this play was thought out. It’s hard to say if this is fiction or non-fict ion because these types of arguments happen in all relationships, especially marriages. Now allow yourself to imagine being in the same situation as Henri and Jeanne; this was very easy, me and my own wife have different tastes and ideas of what entertainment or fun is. I like to play videogames and she likes to make crafts, so I could simply use my imagination and replace the horseraces with videogames and replace Jeanne’s ideas for the day with crafting. The argument would still come out the same way and we argue often enough to where we know theShow MoreRelatedI’m Going! A Comedy in One Act by Tristan Bernard862 Words   |  3 PagesTherefore, it is the purpose of this paper to analyze Tristan Bernard’s play titled â€Å"I’m Going! A Comedy in One Act† using the formalist approach. â€Å"I’m Going! A Comedy in One Act† is a farce about a married-life conversation between Henri and Jeanne that is â€Å"†¦exaggerated to a r idiculous level to create humor–and comment on inflexible human behavior† (Clugston, 2010). Moreover, a farce according to our text is â€Å"a comedy; a short play, in which both subtle humor and hilarity are developed through improbableRead More19th and 20th Century Gender Expectations in Literature2483 Words   |  10 Pagesfact of the times, even into early 20th century, is that women were not equal to men and the expectations of women were not equal as well. This point will be illustrated by comparative analysis of two separate forms of literature: Tristan Bernard’s humorous play I’m Going! A Comedy in One Act, and Kate Chopin’s short story â€Å"The Story of an Hour.† Authors can use plays, stories or poems to bring us into their world, and through imagination we can connect with them, if only briefly, and enjoy theirRead MoreTristan Bernards Im Going!: An Analysis1898 Words   |  8 PagesTristan Bernards Im Going! is a comedy in o ne act, the dramatic counterpart to a prose short story like Guy de Maupassants The Necklace. Both of these modern works of French literature reveal issues such as gender roles and gender norms within a traditional heterosexual marriage framework. The stories suggest tensions between traditional patriarchy and the more egalitarian gender norms that are transforming the way couples relate. Both Im Going! and The Necklace take place in an urbanRead MoreAnalysis of Thurbers The Secret Life of Walter Mitty and Bernard Tristans Im Going2797 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿The Secret Life of Walter and Im Going The Secret Life of Walter and Im Going Introduction Every marriage has there ups and downs. In fact, there are no such things as a perfect marriage. The subject of marriage and gender roles are usually mentioned in literary pieces that put the emphasis on mostly on the way the family is set up. The following comparative essay will put the emphasis to center on the two fictional stories; Im going by Bernard Tristan and The Secret Life of Walter MittyRead MoreMarital Relationships as Portrayed in the Short Stories Im Going and The Story of an Hour2099 Words   |  9 Pagesdrama â€Å"Im Going† will show that being a wife in that era was not all about passion and perfect families, but about control and dominance. Although the stories were written during two different time periods, the modern period and the Victorian period, there were still many similarities in both relationships. Each story centered itself around a woman taking a â€Å"backseat† to her husband. The difference between these pieces of literature were the styles used to convey the message. â€Å"Im Going† by TristanRead MoreA Contrast and Comparison of I’m Going! a Comedy in One Act vs. the Proposal2780 Words   |  12 PagesA Contrast and Comparison of I’m Going! A Comedy in One Act. Vs. The Proposal â€Å"Ive got a stubborn heart for you. Call me crazy, but its true. I love you.† (Choi, 2012) If anything could sum up the feelings of the characters in Tristan Bernards’ I’m Going! A Comedy in One Act and Anton Chekhov’s The Proposal, these lyrics hit it right on the nail. The awkward and yet questionable love each one has for another is quite intriguing in the sense that so many emotions are portrayed among the charactersRead MoreI’m Going! a Comedy in One Act1044 Words   |  5 PagesI’m Going! A Comedy in One Act Keshalla Mabry ENG 125 : Introduction to Literature Andrea Moak February 25, 2013 Literature can be expressive. It can be expressed in many different ways. Some use writing, some use pictures and print, or even dramatic and musical works of art. In this essay I will be using the Reader-Response Approach to analyze a piece of literature. I have chosen the short play I’m Going! A Comedy in One Act, by dramatist Tristan Bernard. I will include why the literary work

Womens Day Free Essays

Women’s Day Women are not an asset, nor are they mere human beings – they are the pride of society. From raising the children through to educating our youth, they carry the largest burden of helping us in comprehending how important life is and why it should be preserved for the greater good of mankind. In Pakistan, we do not need to look any further – from our households through to our sociological development, they are the pillars upon whom we depend for our emotional and spiritual support, and even at times our economical, social and political fabric coherence. We will write a custom essay sample on Womens Day or any similar topic only for you Order Now From the youngest to the oldest, they are equivocal representatives of the brighter side of Pakistan. Kiran Khan, for instance, represented Pakistan in swimming on an international platform – the Commonwealth Games, and the 2008 Summer Olympics to name a few; Dr. Attiya Inayatullah and Mrs. Safia Ameen, who were prominent members of the Population Council and brought to the fore the importance of epidemiological analysis in Pakistan; Ms. Fatima Jinnah, who deserves an honorary mention in this regard for laying the foundation stone of the All Women Association; Mrs. Bilquis Edhi, wife of Abdul Sattar Edhi, is in her own right a testament to the Edhi Foundation. Her concentrated efforts in maintaining the humanitarian relief efforts for the people of Pakistan are at par with her husband and Pakistan is in debt to her patriotic passion for the nationalistic cause that she continues to pursue to this day; the numerous laureates of Pakistan are endless and deserve wreaths of praise for their contributions to Pakistan. That isn’t to say that they alone are representatives of our society. On a daily basis we see them strive to bring a shining image of Pakistan that has been earned through fair means and admirable efforts. Notable mentions include; Mrs. Fauzia Kasuri, who pioneered the concept of ‘international level higher education for the masses’ to noteworthy effect – with the advent of the Beaconhouse School System that, to this day, is the most diverse private school network that teaches Cambridge assorted GCEs to the masses; with the Educators providing an equal opportunity for the less affording stratum of Pakistan; Ms. Fatima Riaz, an undergraduate student of Ata-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB) in National University of Science and Technology (NUST), who has instituted the start of a NUST-level society titled â€Å"Bioreach† – the prime objective being to ‘reach’ out to the general public and provide a ‘researcher’s contributions’ towards understanding diseases in Pakistan better and, furthermore, helping understand how they can be caused and avoided; to the numerous female students of Pakistan whom have represented Pakistan on numerous platforms – school, college, and university level – internationally and nationally; the mothers of children guiding them towards the right path; the elderly women whom have provided their undivided attention in providing advice and counselor support to our veterans in their time of need; they are the numerous ‘silent heroes’ whom have held our society’s fabric together since Pakistan’s inception. This article is a testament to the women of Pakistan, without whom Pakistan would hav e been different. We, the people of Pakistan, salute you for your untiring efforts and tip our hats in praise and support of your relentless pursuit of the national cause. And with this, we would like to conclude this dedication to you. How to cite Womens Day, Essay examples

Business and Enterprise

Question: Discuss about the Business and Enterprise. Answer: Introduction: Summary of Investigation Process In order to investigate the challenges and opportunities of Wal-Mart, both the primary and secondary sources of evidence are utilised to develop an analytical understanding. Considering the nature of the study, the in-depth evaluation is required for developing the useful views and concept associated with the chosen subject. Therefore, the qualitative approach is designed for satisfying the identified requirements for the research (Albert, Werhane, and Rolph 2014). As part of the process, different types of conflicting views and opinions from the variety of sources and scholars from the identified background are considered. The qualitative method suggests focusing on the data for conducting in-depth analysis and interpretation of the events individually. Based on the proposed methodology, the collected data are segregated in two distinct divisions as stated earlier. In case of the primary data, various feedbacks are collected through the active interviews and observations by involvin g the effective engagement of the chosen participants (Rivoli 2014). On the other hand, multiple scholarly sources and information obtained from the newspapers and magazines will be treated as the secondary evidence for ensuring the establishment of relevant and valid understanding. Research of Issue - Analysis and Evaluation The global business operations of Wal-Mart are required to comply with the guidelines, as mentioned by the competition commissions of various countries. The involving regulations are responsible to ensure the maintenance of fairness within the practices adopted by the companies for dealing with the competition. Therefore, the application of such legislation ensures the various practices developed by Wal-Mart would not negatively affect other retailers competing in the respective industry (Auld and Cashore 2013). Apart from that, the introduction to the competition commission is based on focusing the maintenance of public interest in the appropriate manner. This particular approach by the commission possibly helps to reduce the detrimental effects to the broader society by the application of any kind of merger or acquisition. For an example, the competition law of South Africa can be discussed to determine its particular impact to the operations carried out of Wal-Mart within the coun try. The competition law of South Africa is one of the most progressive components as part of the global competitive legislation (Scherer, Palazzo, and Seidl 2013). The identified law states the approval of mergers or acquisitions are done by considering the losers and winners of globalisation and determining the adverse effects of such corporate consolidation. On the other hand, Wal-Mart faces multiple issues caused by the different actions embraced by the trade unions of different countries. It is observed that the trade unions from both the local and international levels critically oppose to the different merger events between two companies by claiming the scenario against the public interest. In this case, the result of the findings suggests about the significant involvement of the competition commission in such scenarios, where it uses to impose multiple conditions to the overall process (Costello and Costello 2014). It can be critically ascertained that the competition commission never actually restricts or allows a decision taken by the company through considering only the criteria as part of the public interest. Based on the result of the interviews carried on by Lewis (2011), it can be understood that the practices of a company cannot become anti-competitive, if such approaches provide adequate focus on the consumers. In the case of Wal-Mart, the certain approach is undertaken, as the products and services offered by the company are highly customer-centric. Because of the process, the consumers are able to get the products at the lower prices whilst the suitable competitive environment can be developed for the other retailers (Calton 2013). In this certain scenario, Wal-Mart faces with a critical issue related to gaining the confidence of the investors from the international level. There are different countries from the global environment, which lapse time for making proper decision regarding allowing Wal-Mart to enter into their retail market. This particular process seriously provides detrimental impact to the future decision-making and investment segment of the company. Therefore, the co mpany and the other parties associated with the framework are needed to rely mostly on the negotiations. Based on the particular understanding, it is quite clear that the international investors are required to make their decision by developing a proper sense about the beneficiary elements regarding the public interest as well as the negotiations with the trade unions (Matusitz 2013). Every company has its major issues, which require proper resolution essentially before engaging in certain practices. The decision made by Wal-Mart to form a merger with an identified company would requires them to resolve the issues between the two companies comprehensively. Apparently, the company faces the global issues from the number of demands raised by the trade unions and the process of signing the binding agreement. Apart from these identified issues, the result of the interviews and surveys conducted as part of collecting the primary data reveals that the domestic as well as international operations of Wal-Mart are struggling at the same time. The particular challenges in terms of the operational performance are experienced by Wal-Mart for the past one-year (Kothari, Ramanna, and Skinner 2015). Based on the various news articles and information obtained from the business magazines, it is confirmed that the international revenue of Wal-Mart is highly affected caused by the weakness of the companys performance in Mexico, China, and Brazil. Based on the estimation, it can be determined that the company had only accumulated a mere 1% growth in terms of its revenue in 2013. As determined from the interviews with some of the store managers of Wal-Mart, the firm operates approximately 2300 stores throughout the different regions of Mexico (Yoffie and Cusumano 2015). This particular fact leads to the u nderstanding that Mexico is one of the biggest operating market of Wal-Mart and the downgrading result of its performance has created a major concern for the retailer. Apart from that, it is also noticed that the long-term growth perspective of Wal-Mart largely depends on the development of the business operations into the markets of China. With reference to the current situation, the individual operation of Wal-Mart within the Chinese market does not contribute significantly to the overall revenue achieved by Wal-Mart. From the identification of the highlighted fact, it can be understood that the markets associated with China and Mexico are the two amongst the other major issues of Wal-Mart requiring the company to provide top priority. The operations of Wal-Mart experiences dismal sales from the major markets across the world including the Mexican market (Khandelwal 2014). From the result of the investigation, such a weak performance of the company is primarily caused by the recent economic slowdown hampering the sales and revenue of the retail operations. However, the company faces deeper problems from some of the global markets as part of the firms business operations. The similar kind of example can be observed from the business conducted by the company in the Chinese market. From the statistical overview collected from the Forbes business magazine, it can be notified that Wal-Mart has only able to grow 405 stores in the Chinese market from its operational involvement over 18 years (Windsor 2013). In order to investigate the reason behind such feeble performance, it is observed that the consumer behaviour of the particular country is mostly responsible. More clearly, the strategies adopted by Wal-Mart is price d riven and the buying behaviour of the Chinese customers are not driven by the product prices. Therefore, such a factor creates a major issue for the retailer to understand the buying patter of the customers from the specific region. Conclusion and Recommendation From the overall understanding developed from the analytical approaches, it can be stated that a neo-liberal globalisation is represented by Wal-Mart because of the global presence of the firm. Due to the strategic objective of Wal-Mart stating it to conquer new markets and generating huge profit, the organization strives to improve its efforts to ensure the proper expansion of the business is put forwarded. Additionally, it is also a major fact that globalisation engulfed the business world like a storm, where the businesses are continuously required to adopt to the changing requirements from the new norms introduced by the factor. Due to the constantly changing trends, the customer behaviours as well as the legislative necessities modifying rapidly. Such reason are significant enough to cause the emergence of critical issues for Wal-Mart, as discussed within the analytical section. Based on the concluding ideas generated out of the research, Wal-Mart is required to undertake an appropriate inventory management process (Tian and Slocum 2016). It will make sure the company is gaining access to the foreign markets by understanding the tastes and cultures of the associated consumers. References Albert, P.J., Werhane, P. and Rolph, T., 2014. Global Corporations and Supply Chain Management. InGlobal Poverty Alleviation: A Case Book(pp. 321-348). Springer Netherlands. Auld, G. and Cashore, B., 2013. Mixed Signals: NGO Campaigns and Non-state Market Driven (NSMD) Governance in an Export-Oriented Country.Canadian Public Policy,39(Supplement 2), pp.S143-S156. Calton, J.M., 2013, October. A De-Centered Stakeholder Network Path to Creating Mutual Value: Is Wal-Mart Showing the Way?. InProceedings of the International Association for Business and Society(Vol. 24, pp. 200-207). Costello, T.G. and Costello, A.O., 2014. Globalization and the United States: Dynamics, Results, and Challenges-Empirical Evidence.Journal of Business and Behavior Sciences,26(3), p.21. Khandelwal, R., 2014. Case Analysis Report:Wal-Marts Rising Sun? A Case on Wal-Marts Entry into Japan. Kothari, S.P., Ramanna, K. and Skinner, D.J., 2015. Political Standards: Corporate Interest, Ideology, and Leadership in the Shaping of Accounting Rules for the Market Economy.Journal of Accounting Economics,45(20), pp.2-3. Matusitz, J., 2013. Bharti-Wal-Mart: A Glocalization Experience.Journal of Asian and African Studies, p.0021909613512948. Rivoli, P., 2014.The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy: An Economist Examines the Markets, Power, and Politics of World Trade. New Preface and Epilogue with Updates on Economic Issues and Main Characters. John Wiley Sons. Scherer, A.G., Palazzo, G. and Seidl, D., 2013. Managing legitimacy in complex and heterogeneous environments: Sustainable development in a globalized world.Journal of Management Studies,50(2), pp.259-284. Tian, X. and Slocum, J.W., 2016. Managing corporate social responsibility in China.Organizational Dynamics,45(1), pp.39-46. Windsor, D., 2013. 11. Impact of the geopolitical distribution of corruption and crime on the global corporation.Handbook on the Geopolitics of Business, p.151. Yoffie, D.B. and Cusumano, M.A., 2015.Strategy Rules: Five Timeless Lessons from Bill Gates, Andy Grove, and Steve Jobs. HarperBusiness.

The story of Zahra -book review Essay Example

The story of Zahra -book review Essay The Story of Zahra written by Hanan- Al Shaykh, is an insight into the fractured psyche of a young Lebanese girl, scared by the unrequited love of her mother, the many meaningless relationships she entered into, the intimidating and critical social norms of Beirut and finally by her own intense confusion, disarray and low self esteem which further aggravated her fragile state of mind It is a story about a girl who is in search of fulfillment, in search of her self, terrified of the outside world and its menacing accusations and judgments. Ever since I can remember I have felt uneasy, I have never felt anything else .It is an iconoclastic story of a person who is able to find peace and ones true self in the midst of the anarchy and chaos of a civil war. It is a bizarre account of how while the ravages of war were destroying the lives and composure of other individuals such as her brother Ahmad, at the other end of the spectrum Zahra was discovering in this abnormality her strength ,se lf and the normalcy she had been yearning for. A large part of Zahras insecurity can find its roots in her relationship with her mother, which held many paradoxes and can perhaps be best explained as a love-hate relationship. She despised her mother for making her suffer by exposing her to her infidelity and disloyalty at such a young age, Yet at the same time she longed for her mother to shower her with the affection and love which she saw her mother was capable of possessing and expressing to her lover I would watch her when she was with me and study her when she was at distance , I thought all the while as I looked up at her of how much I wanted to draw her towards me , to draw myself closer to her I wanted to disappear into the hem of her dress and become even closer to her than the navel is to the orange! . But whenever I began to think in this way I felt bitterness towards her and shuddered. I carried this pain an

Free Essays on Deep Thinking

Throughout this course I have learned so much about how life is, and can be, explored through using the beliefs you carry, the values you learn, and the qualities you enhance. Most of all, I have learned that life is too short to let your time slip away and let the values of you and your family hold wither due to lack of self esteem and outside support and encouragement. The characteristics of time and values are the most definite when trying to create a â€Å"name† for yourself. You need time to set the pace for your priorities and define personal goals toward time management. By determining your own personal purpose for life, also known as your mission statement, you establish a way of means to finish and conclude special tasks; whether it be general or personal goals. I’ve learned that without goals set for yourself, you may find it hard to succeed in life; personally, financially, emotionally, mentally, etc. However, in order to set goals, you need to have the background of values to determine what is most important to you. Traditional and societal values have had a major impact on my life. I understand, now most definitely, how important and influential positive family customs are needed in my life, now and forever. Also seeing that I am just one person makes life a little less stressful by allowing me to become the person I want to be in the future. Without my family and other resources my past, present, and future would not be the same. I enjoy having the satisfaction of knowing that I am here on earth to embark on a journey that will set forth my future plans and my future self.... Free Essays on Deep Thinking Free Essays on Deep Thinking Throughout this course I have learned so much about how life is, and can be, explored through using the beliefs you carry, the values you learn, and the qualities you enhance. Most of all, I have learned that life is too short to let your time slip away and let the values of you and your family hold wither due to lack of self esteem and outside support and encouragement. The characteristics of time and values are the most definite when trying to create a â€Å"name† for yourself. You need time to set the pace for your priorities and define personal goals toward time management. By determining your own personal purpose for life, also known as your mission statement, you establish a way of means to finish and conclude special tasks; whether it be general or personal goals. I’ve learned that without goals set for yourself, you may find it hard to succeed in life; personally, financially, emotionally, mentally, etc. However, in order to set goals, you need to have the background of values to determine what is most important to you. Traditional and societal values have had a major impact on my life. I understand, now most definitely, how important and influential positive family customs are needed in my life, now and forever. Also seeing that I am just one person makes life a little less stressful by allowing me to become the person I want to be in the future. Without my family and other resources my past, present, and future would not be the same. I enjoy having the satisfaction of knowing that I am here on earth to embark on a journey that will set forth my future plans and my future self....

Word Choice Deprecate vs. Depreciate

Word Choice Deprecate vs. Depreciate Word Choice: Deprecate vs. Depreciate When something loses value, has it â€Å"deprecated† or â€Å"depreciated†? Many use these terms interchangeably, but they’re actually importantly distinct. And since you don’t want to make mistakes in your written work, it’s a good idea to know the difference! In this post, we clarify the meanings of â€Å"deprecate† and â€Å"depreciate,† then set out how (and when) they should be used. Deprecate (To Express Disapproval) To â€Å"deprecate† something is to express disapproval of it, or to belittle something: Although popular, reality TV shows are often deprecated by professional critics. This is also why we say someone making a joke at their own expense is being â€Å"self-deprecating.† Another old-fashioned use of â€Å"deprecate† is to â€Å"pray away† (such as praying for protection against an evil). It’s rarely used like this now though, so youre not likely to encounter it other than in old religious texts. Depreciate (To Reduce in Value) The main meaning of â€Å"depreciate† is to â€Å"reduce or underestimate in value.† Most commonly, it refers to something having lost monetary value: If not properly maintained, properties will depreciate over time. This use is reflected in the notion of â€Å"depreciation,† a financial term for a method used by businesses to account for the declining value of assets: Before investing in infrastructure, you should calculate the expected rate of depreciation. Confusion with â€Å"deprecate† arises because â€Å"depreciate† can sometimes mean â€Å"belittle,† but to â€Å"depreciate† something in this sense is specifically to describe it has having little value. Deprecate or Depreciate? These terms are particularly tricky since they’re similarly spelled as well as fairly close in meaning. However, since â€Å"depreciate† has a very specific financial sense, you don’t want to confuse them. As a general rule, if you’re discussing the value of something or finances in general, the term to use will be â€Å"depreciate.† However, if you’re referring to something being belittled – without necessarily impacting upon its perceived value – the correct word is â€Å"deprecate.† Similarly, if someone is self-mocking, they are â€Å"self-deprecating†. Remember: Deprecate = Belittle Depreciate = Lose value

Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Immigration - Essay Example The opponents of illegal immigration also say that illegal immigrants are burdens to law-abiding citizens. While the majority tends to think that illegal immigration has a negative influence only, in reality, it can have positive influence as well. More specifically, illegal immigration can make a positive economic contribution. As it follows from the research described in the article titled Illegal Immigration: A Positive Economic Contribution to the United States by Nadadur (2009), illegal immigrants have a significant positive impact on the economic growth of the USA. After conducting a qualitative research on the fiscal impact of illegal immigration taking into account the paid taxes and the costs from the use of social services imposed on the society, the author of the article draws the conclusion that despite the fact illegal immigrants impose a certain challenge at both local and state levels, their contribution to the economy should be regarded as positive due to the fact they take part in business development and job creation (Nadadur, 2009). When it comes to immigrants themselves, it appears that they face significant challenges posed by their illegal status in the country they choose. In accordance with Rhodes et al. (2015), certain challenges are posed by local immigration enforcement policies on immigrants well-being. In particular, the authors of the article state laws and policies aimed at regulating and controlling the illegal immigrant populations limit illegal immigrants opportunities to use public services, such as education health services. For instance, Hispanic/Latino mothers receive inadequate care compared to other non-Hispanic mothers. Also, children of illegal immigrants face challenges posed on their mental health. Specifically, children whose parents were deported tend to suffer mentally unlike those whose parents had not been deported from the country (Allan, Cisneros and Tellez,

Heart Transplant Team Clinical Journal Term Paper

Heart Transplant Team Clinical Journal - Term Paper Example I have had the opportunity to attend to a number of heart transplant operations and carefully observed what transpires during this process. This has given me a background of the activities related to heart transplant operations. Secondly, I have had the opportunity to apply the nursing process in real life situation. In this regards, I have been able to collect a variety of population data from both the clinic and the community sources. I am now able to analyze such data both qualitatively and quantitatively. Basing on this knowledge, I am now able to help in the process of formulating goals and objectives for patient care and give an analytical feedback that can be applied in improving various nursing processes. I have reviewed cases regarding the determination of the need for health promotion and illness management shortcoming with the aim of implementing the best plan interventions basing on the best practice guidelines. Besides, I am now in a position to evaluate the effectivenes s plan interventions basing on the socio-cultural, economic, spiritual, environmental and developmental factors. I have had the opportunity to discuss with the preceptor on issues relating to the effectiveness, the evidence and the ethics of various plan interventions. ... I have established a rapport and gained as much client confidentiality as possible. Further, I am now able to carry out various documentation protocols, utilize the information technology systems and collaborate with my colleagues and staff effectively. Finally, with regards to professional practice, I am glad that I am better placed to maintain professional code of conduct and good behavior during practicum. Besides, I am now able to abide by all the agency’s regulations and policies. 2) What has been the most significant or meaningful learning outcome for you during clinical? The most eminent learning outcome I have achieved this far, is related to the application of the nursing process. Ever since my childhood, I have intrinsically wished to be a nurse. My efforts towards the achievement of this dreams has been inexorable. Thus, I feel great when I know I have the obligation to make a change in people’s lives. Application of the information I have gained in class in real-life clinical practice gives me am internal satisfaction I have always longed for. Seeing myself taking part in extending someone’s life and helping families hold onto their loved ones who are under my care, perpetuate my desire to take part in various other activities related to nursing activities. 3) As you reflect on your clinical experience, what knowledge and skills have you gained that will be helpful to you as a professional? Almost each and every learning outcome during my nursing training has been of great significance during my clinical experience. To begin with, the knowledge I have attained relating on how to attend to carry out patient interviews, perform physical assessments, obtain laboratory specimens and utilize specialty equipment has been very

Modern Trading Culture Essay Example for Free

Modern Trading Culture Essay With increasing competition everyday in the consumer market, the world has shifted towards modern trading concepts. The modern trading concept has two major objectives; to provide the basic necessities under one roof. Secondly, the customer should be able to touch the products in person. Metro and Macro are the examples of modern trading stores. The procedures and implementation of modern trade in other countries is different as compared withPakistanbecause of the local trading culture. Modernization of Trading Systems According to a research, retail markets tend to modernize from largely traditional trading techniques to modern trading techniques. As markets modernize, the share of traditional trade as a percentage of total trade declines slowly; suppliers, however, will continually need to adjust the amount of resources allocated to manage the traditional trade versus the modern trade. Smart suppliers manage this balancing act by accurately tracking (and often predicting) the pace at which key transitions or market evolution shifts are likely to occur. Three overarching factors affect the speed and nature of market transition. They include (1) consumer trends and purchasing behaviors in the market; (2) factors related to modern retail consolidation (Also called central buying, an approach in chain stores whereby all purchasing is done through a central or main office); and (3) disruptive factors such as the economy, special interests, and government regulation etc. InPakistanthere are a number of manufacturers for various products. The normal distribution channel is that the manufacturers use their own distributors as well as independent distributors in the market, who purchase products from the factory and then deliver to the retailers and the wholesalers. On the other hand, some retailers get products directly from the distributors while some are purchasing from the wholesalers. Big cities have thousands of outlets in the market for grocery items. If we only take the example of twin cities ofPakistan, there are around 3,000 grocery outlets including the small shops inIslamabadand inRawalpindithere are around 15,000 outlets. It is impossible for the manufacturer to reach each and every outlet so they need distributors to make the products available to the outlets. Even the distributors at times cannot reach all of the outlets, so there are wholesalers in the markets who buy the products in bulk from distributors or manufacturers. They are located in certain locations where the retailers buy the products from the wholesalers. At the end of the day, it all depends on the relationships of the retailer; if he has good relationship with the distributors and can buy the products on credit from him and even return the unsold products, or he could buy the same products from a wholesaler like an end consumer. We can say that the markets in Pakistan are divided into 2 categories with respect to retailers; first are those who are getting the products from distributors and second are those who are buying the products from wholesalers. Distributors supply the product at the retailer’s shop but retailer has to go to wholesaler to purchase a product. These consumer trends, retail consolidations, and disruptive factors heavily influence retailers’ growth strategies as well as the formats they are most likely to develop to sustain growth over the long term. As markets evolve, retailers adjust their formats and operational strategies to cater to differing shopper needs and trends-and thereby maximize retailers’ reach in an evolving market. Advantages and Disadvantages There are numerous advantages of modern trading system. There are 3 types of consumers who come to modern trading stores like Metro or Macro; 1) end users, 2) traders and 3) hoteliers. The system of modern trade influences the distributor business because retailers are now going directly to these stores and are purchasing products themselves at lesser prices. Modern trade is reducing the number of distribution channels from the factory to the retail shop. This subtraction of distribution channel increases the profit margins of both the manufacturer and the retailer. It is a convenient alternative for the end users to purchase house hold items from one place at a lesser cost. The disadvantages of modern trade is that it is adversely affecting the business of independent distributors since the manufacturer is giving different prices to the distributors and the modern trading stores .Margins of distributors have reduced and they are also loosing some of their clientele as some retailers prefer to buy products directly from these modern stores rather than distributors. Another disadvantage of modern trade inPakistanis that it has confused the end user by offering 3 different prices for the same product in the market. Those 3 pricing areas are retail shops, wholesalers and the big stores. This usually creates doubts about the quality of the products because of the price variations. Reluctance in Modern Trading Some of the manufacturers are now willing to enter into modern trading system but it also varies from manufacturer to manufacturer. If a company has a strong positioning of their products in retail outlets of a city, they would also be willing to sell their products in a big store. But on the other hand, if a company has weak positioning in the retail outlets, they would hesitate to sell their products in the modern trading stores. The distributors get fix percentage of profit from the manufacturer to sell their products to the retailers or wholesalers. Indian Market If we take the example of India, where consumer trends are very much similar to ours and have been the greatest influencer in forcing modern trade to develop. A significant demographic transition is now underway with a large, young, working population (median age of 24); more nuclear families in urban areas; an increase in the number of working women; and emerging opportunities in the service sector. Urbanization, higher household disposable income, and convenience one-stop shopping are other factors that are fueling this modern trade growth. Retail consolidation will slowly help drive modern trade growth as well. It is estimated that the Indian retail industry was worth about USD286 billion at the end of 2004; yet India remains one of the most fragmented retail sectors in the world with only 2% of total sales deriving from the modern trade. As that happens, India is likely to see a significant trend toward modern trade as retailers invest in data, technology, and infrastructure to exploit and escalate potential growth. Disruptive factors particularly government regulation are unquestionably the key â€Å"reason† foreign players have not played an influential part in triggering retail consolidation in India. However, there is no one path to modernization; markets are not dependent on global retailers as catalysts for modernization. However there are many markets where global retailers act as key catalysts, and, in fact, capture the lion’s share of the modern trade. To understandIndia’s potential future, it is useful to look at examples of three market types, and why they’ve modernized the way they did: †¢ Markets that have grown the modern trade through global players entering the market; †¢ Markets that have grown through a hybrid of global and local players; and †¢ Markets that have modernized driven almost entirely by local retailers. Government Policies The government policies play a major role in implementing modern trading system in a region. InIndia, there are some areas where the government has not allowed modern trade stores to operate. Similarly, inPakistanif the existing traders are reluctant of the entrance of modern trade stores like Metro the government has the authority to impose restrictions on such stores. Nevertheless, these kinds of stores are beneficial for the Government as they give fixed General Sales Tax (GST) and also are a foreign investment in the country. The Core Capabilities Required for Growth A core takeaway from studying market evolution is that, regardless of whether the retailer driving the modern trade is global or local, the capabilities they need to do that are largely the same! In addition to the overall management, a great modernizing retailer will require capabilities in six core areas to win in the changing environment. Finance A retailer is best served having an operating model with two key financial criteria: †¢ Generates enough cash flow to fund its expansion; and †¢ Remains relatively low debt. Retail is a cyclical and relatively low margin business. High levels of debt and interest greatly impede a retailer in growth mode and can make running the operation difficult. Most great retailers remain relatively conservatively financed. Operations The retailer is able to manage the complexity of getting merchandise from factory to shelf. Indian conglomerate Reliance Industries Ltd. is aiming to get to this state through integration of an entire supply chain from farm to store, particularly with staple food commodities. Many great local retailers (e.g., HEB and Publix, twoUSregional grocery chains, and 7-11 inJapan) optimize their market position through a best-in-class supply chain, which gives them a significant competitive advantage in speed and store conditions. Brand Brand is all about a relevant and influential connection to the shopper. It is imperative for retailers to have a systematic understanding of their shoppers and be able to execute, both in and out of the store, based on that knowledge. In addition, the ability to tailor a portfolio of formats to meet different shopper/consumer needs is very helpful-especially in geographically, culturally, and economically diverse markets like India. Pantaloon is one of the Indian retailers that has begun to develop the data and analysis capabilities to do just that. As India’s infrastructure develops to support modern trade, the retailer will be able to do that more consistently. As the market evolves, both retailers and manufacturers will require the capabilities to consistently understand what motivates shoppers and consumers, in order to bring together a successful retailer strategy that serves both constituents well. The intermingling of finance and brand is pricing; the right price doesn’t necessarily mean the lowest, especially in some categories such as apparel, where a low price may be perceived as poor quality. Also, a rigorous understanding of which items are important to be low priced for competitive purposes versus which items can be margin enhancers, is one of the key criteria strong retailers use to grow in a market. When discussing people, the discussion is incomplete without the right measurements in place. As people are trained to execute at the store, retailers will have to have the right set of measures to ensure great delivery to the shopper. In addition, the focus of high capability in-market retailers’ corporate measures are usually geared toward selling to the consumer than on buying efficiencies and leveraging scale; however, our research shows that retailers who understand this and work proactively with suppliers to optimize their mutual business tend to grow faster than the market. In-store execution should come together as a result of the right brand message and effective operations that facilitate having the right merchandise in the right place. Often the simplicity of the message and the operation generally results in superior in-store execution, and this largely depends on people development and training. Relentless focus on execution details is the final differentiating factor for success.

Listening to Prozac : The dangers behind the sirens seductive call :: Neurological Neurology Brain Essays

Listening to Prozac : The dangers behind the siren's seductive call "If the human brain were simple enough for us to understand, we would be too simple to understand it" (1). In his book Listening to Prozac, Dr. Peter Kramer thoroughly examines how Prozac has revolutionized the power of psychopharmacological medication and what it teaches us about the human self. Prozac has demonstrated the ability to transform a person's behavior, outlook, and conception of self through a neurological change of biology, thus providing more evidence that brain does indeed equal behavior. Perhaps more fascinating than the answers it provides about human neurobiology are the difficult questions, ironies, and problems its usage raises. The administration of Prozac challenges the model of healing through cognitive powers due to its purely biologic effectiveness. This success has widened the gap between the un-medicated and medicated human self. Which is the "true" reflection of a person? Do Prozac's transformations emulate an unnatural idealized social norm or release a healthy individual trapped in an unnatural state? How does this reflect or change our definitions of " illness" and "wellness"? Dr. Kramer's discussions hinge upon the idea that the nervous system controls behavior. The case studies he provides show people who, after taking Prozac, have remarkable "transformations" of multiple facets of behavior including perceptions, motivation, emotions, sense of choice, values, and personality (defined by given temperament as well as developed character). Prozac's ability to change a person so drastically on a biological level causes much apprehension because the change does not need to be processed cognitively or even consciously. Dr. Kramer asserts that this change need not coincide with any self-knowledge because it is "evidently not necessary"(32). His comment points to a desire among many that the conscious self (I-function) has a stronger influence on behavior than biology does because we intimately connect behavior with self-identity. Relying on a foreign substance to change biology (and self) without apprising and receiving sanction from the conscious-self first se ems unnatural. The utter reliance on biology without utilizing our human gift of cognition seems to be a violation of how humanity has separated itself from our own inner animal. Dr. Kramer dismisses claims that Prozac compromises our vision of humanity through changing behavior in psychobiological terms by saying, "biological models are not reductionistic but humanizing, in the sense that they restore scale and perspective and take into account the vast part of us that is not intellect" (143).

Bullying: who does what, when and where? Essay

In this paper, bullying was defined as a form of aggressive behavior or negative actions reoccurring over time between children who bully and those who are victimized (Fekkes, Pijpers, & Verloove-Vanhorick, 2005). Furthermore, Fekkes et al. (2005) suggested bullying as a group phenomenon involving not only the bullies and their victims, but also the bystanders. Other problems addressed by this research included the negative impact bullying has on children’s mental and physical health and the level of involvement that is necessary for effective intervention strategies to be successful. The specific research questions posed investigated the extent to which children are involved in bullying behavior, the level of involvement of others (i. e. , teachers, parents, classmates), and the effectiveness of current intervention strategies used to stop bullying behaviors. The purpose of the data presented by this research was to gather information and to utilize that information to compose novel efforts in combating bullying in schools. Fekkes et al. (2005) presented a range of empirical literature to support the need for this research. Studies by Williams et al. , (1996); Salmon et al. , (1998); and Forero et al. , (1999) were included to support the problem of negative health issues associated with bullying behaviors (as cited in Fekkes et al. , 2005). Studies by Atlas and Pepler (1998) and Hawkins et al. (2001) supported the notion of bullying as a group phenomenon and the effectiveness of bystander intervention (as cited in Fekkes et al. , 2005). Participants in this study were 2766 children from 32 Dutch elementary schools. These children had participated in a longitudinal study on the effectiveness of an anti-bullying policy at schools. It is important to note that the data were collected prior to any implementation of the anti-bullying policy. In November 1999, children from 9 to 11 years old were administered a questionnaire in the classroom. The questionnaire addressed frequency of bullying behaviors, types of bullying behaviors, where bullying behaviors took place, who intervened to stop the bullying, and whether or not the interventions were successful. According to Liebrand et al. (1994), Mooij (1992), and Olweus (1994), this questionnaire was based on the Dutch version of the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire, a well-documented questionnaire that was used in numerous studies on bullying (as cited in Fekkes et al. , 2005). Using statistical analyses to analyze the data from the questionnaires, Fekkes et al. (2005) found that active bullying was prevalent at schools. Physical forms of bullying behaviors, such as hitting or pushing, were found to be most typical of boys. Girls were found to initiate bullying behaviors that were relational in nature, such as isolation tactics and rumor spreading. Bullying was found to take place on the playground as well as in the classroom. Nearly half of children being bullied did not report it to their teacher but did speak to their parents about it. A similar finding was also reported by Whitney and Smith (1993) (as cited in Fekkes et al. , 2005). Intervention attempts by teachers were found to have little effect, if any, on bullying occurrences. All of these findings provided the insight needed to recommend future intervention strategies. The prevalence of bullying behaviors among children in this age group was found to be consistent with the findings of similar studies conducted cross-culturally. Fekkes et al. (2005) compared the findings of this study to others in Norway, the UK, Italy, and Germany. With regard to gender differences in bullying behaviors, Whitney and Smith (1993), Borg (1999), Junger-Tas and van Kesteren (1999) found similar results among the direct and indirect nature of bullying behaviors among boys and girls (as cited in Fekkes et al. , 2005). Olweus (1993a) found that levels of bullying were lower on playgrounds with more teachers present (as cited in Fekkes et al. , 2005). Consistent with Whitney and Smith’s (1993) study and Rivers and Smith’s (1994) study, teachers are not regularly told about incidents of bullying behaviors by victimized children (as cited in Fekkes et al. , 2005). Because so many of the findings of this paper were consistent with other studies, the next logical step for future researchers would be to systematically integrate the various aspects of this topic into an intervention model with a comprehensive approach. Fekkes et al. (2005) recommended many strategies to assist such interventions. One such recommendation stated that teachers should create an environment in which children feel comfortable talking about their negative bullying experiences. Olweus (1993a) suggested the establishment of class rules aimed at minimizing bullying behavior (as cited in Fekkes et al. , 2005). Fekkes et al. further suggested that in addition to establishing class rules to minimize bullying behaviors, class discussion of the rules on a regular basis may aid in establishing an anti-bullying culture within that community. Another possible step for future research may be to replicate the study with a younger set of participants. Data collected from a younger age group may provide more insight into the early stages of bullying behaviors and early intervention strategies may aid in minimizing the prevalence of incidents of bullying in the higher elementary grades. Overall, I believe this study provided some valuable insight with regard to prevalence of bullying behaviors without the aid of an established intervention program. One of the strengths of this study was its large number of participants as well as findings which were consistent in similar studies in other countries. Such a large sample size provides for a clear snapshot of the pervasiveness of this problem. An additional strength of this study involves its use of an adapted version of the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire which has been used in many studies on bullying. Using such a well-documented tool lends to the consistency of the findings across multiple studies. Something that stood out to me was that there was no mention of effects of bullying behaviors on peer bystanders, positive or negative. I feel this was a limitation because bystanders were referred to as having a certain degree of power when taught effective intervention strategies Fekkes et al. , 2005). Another limitation I observed was the limited age range of the participants. I feel that with younger participants, it may be possible to do comparison studies to try to pinpoint just when bullying behaviors begin to surface within the social structure of the classroom. A final limitation of this study was its use of a quantitative design to address issues more qualitative in nature. Fekkes et al. (2005) state that the aim of the data presented was to provide insight on the topic. This may be more effectively accomplished by doing a current literature review on the prevalence of bullying behaviors and current intervention strategies. Fekkes et al. (2005) describe their current involvement in a project aimed toward development of anti-bullying policies within schools in the Netherlands. They also describe how this study will be used in that capacity. This paper being linked to such a project also raises questions for me about the integrity of the purpose of the study.

Plato Essay Essay

1. a) Explain how Plato’s epistemological assumptions shape his metaphysics (Why does he think that there must be Forms? Hint: Plato says (in effect): â€Å"Since knowledge is certain, therefore the objects of knowledge must be unchanging. †). b) Define Plato’s Forms and present the theory of Forms by explaining the â€Å"divided line. † (You can use the visual image, but explain it. ) Plato was extremely devoted in answering the sophists’ skepticism about reason and morality. To do so, he spent more time than any philosopher before him studying knowledge, or epistemology. He realized that to answer the sophists’ skepticism he had to first solve the three main problems that earlier philosophers had left behind; the problems of change, the â€Å"one† and the â€Å"many†, and the problem between appearance and reality. Plato started where Heraclitus, who said that everything is changing, and Parmenides, who said that nothing ever changes, left off. He said that both philosophers were correct in their assumptions, for they were talking about different types of objects. Heraclitus is correct in terms of the sensible realm; it obviously exists, and is a flux that conforms to the â€Å"measures† as he suggested. Parmenides was correct in terms of the intelligible realm. Plato thought that beyond the world of physical objects in space and time is another world that is nonphysical, non-spatial, and non-temporal. He called this the world of ideai, or forms. These forms are nonphysical, non-spatial, non-temporal objects of thought that are more real than anything else. Whenever we are thinking, according to Plato, what we are thinking about is a form. For example, a triangle drawn on the board in class, no matter how perfect and real it may appear is merely a copy of the form of triangle; a plane figure enclosed by three straight lines. It is like a triangle and looking at it helps us think of the real triangle, but it only relates, or â€Å"participates† in Plato’s terms, to its’ true form. This theory applies to the entire sensible realm because everything changes and nothing stays exactly what it is. In the world of forms, however, everything is always what it is and never another thing. Plato believed that because the world of forms is Parmenidean, or eternal and unchanging, it is therefore possible for us to know it. To explain his theory of forms in depth, Plato used the image of the â€Å"divided line†. Take a line and divide it into two unequal parts, one part representing the physical world and one representing the world of forms. Then, subdivide these two parts in the same ratio, creating two sub-parts of the physical world (call them A and B) and two of the world of forms (call them C and D). Plato says let the first, or lowest, section of the physical world (A) stand for images, such as shadows or reflections. Let the second section of the physical world (B) stand for the actual objects that cast these shadows, like trees, humans, or desks. In the world of forms, Plato continues, let the first section (C) stand for the lower forms, or the forms of the objects in section B. The second section in the world of forms, the highest section of all, (D) then stands for the higher forms, or the science of first principles; the knowledge that, if possessed, would prove the basic assumptions of the special sciences. Plato believed that the nearer we are to the base of the divided line (A), the more conditioned our knowledge is. We can move up the line through dialectic, a process of questions and answer that utilizes hypothesis, criticism, and revision to move nearer to unconditioned knowledge. The higher we climb via this dialectic, the more we rid ourselves of conditions and the better we grasp the knowledge of the non-material abstract forms (D). According to Plato, these are the forms that possess the highest and most fundamental kind of reality. 2. a) How does the Form Man explain the existence of the many individual men? b) What is the nature of man and how is the individual man analogous to the state? c) What is virtue or justice in man and in the state? Plato’s theory of Forms led him to many assumptions, one of the most important of which is his view on the form of â€Å"man† and his relation to the state. He understood that no one man has ever been perfect and that each man participates in the form â€Å"man† to different degrees. Individual men are adequate copies of the true form of â€Å"man†. Plato believed that the men who participate in the form more fully are going to more real, and therefore  better, then the men who participate less. This is better explained by his philosophy of the nature of man and his analogous relationship to the state. Plato recognized the nature of man as a psyche, or soul, that was grouped into three main parts. Each of these three parts have motions proper to them that he believed, if harmonized, would lead to eudaimonia, a total well-being. The first, and lowest, part of the soul he called the appetites. The highest part Plato called reason. The third part, between appetite and reason, he called spirit. He saw the state as having three main parts as well, each corresponding to one of the three parts of the human psyche. Every state needs a governing body, whether kings or congress, so this will be the first part. The second is reserved for the essential producing class, which includes merchants, industrial workers, agriculturists, and so on. Third, Plato held that every state needs a group, between the governing and producing classes, to maintain the state against enemies; this is the guardian group. The analogy relates the producing class to appetite in the individual, the governing class to reason, and the guardians to spirit. Plato wasn’t just satisfied with this, he wanted to know the virtues of these classes, in other words, he wanted to know what each could contribute best. Like organs in an organism’s body, Plato believed each part of the soul and state have a particular role to play in the whole; they were not discrete and complete in themselves. He thought that the function of the members of the producing class was to provide themselves and the nonproductive classes with the necessities of life, such as food, shelter, and clothing. He realized that if everybody were to be provided for sufficiently, some of the producers would have to put up with having less than others. They would have to be ready to â€Å"restrict one’s own consumption for the sake of achieving some sort of balance in the state as a whole†, thus their virtue is moderation or as Plato called it, temperance (Jones 169). The guardians, who make up the second class, must be courageous when defending the state against its enemies, thus their virtue is courage. The governors make the highest decisions in the state. They determine war or peace, educational and economic policies, and so on. To make correct decisions they require knowledge; this is their virtue. A state in which each class is performing its function is just state. Only when the rulers are making wise decisions that are executed with courage and loyalty by the guardians, and the rest of the population is exercising some restraint in its pursuit of material well being, will the citizens of the state be happy. Since the state’s three classes exactly correspond to the three parts of the soul, we are able to understand what Plato took to be their respective virtues. Just like in the state, every individual has producing part that keeps them â€Å"alive and active, a rational part that is intended to guide and direct the energy produced by the body, and a spirited part that is intended to help keep the body in order† (Jones 169). Just as the functions of the soul correspond to the state, so do its virtues. A virtuous man is temperate in satisfying his various appetites and lives a life of reason that is supported by his spirited elements. 3. a) Use the allegory of the cave to illustrate Plato’s political views. In doing so, you should b) explain how the theory of forms supports Plato’s favored form of Aristocracy (to begin with, recall the relation between individual men and the Form of man) and c) explain how the theory of Forms grounds his criticism and rejection of democracy (where in â€Å"the cave† are the Athenian democrats?where are they on the divided line? ) As we have seen, Plato uses myths and methods such as the divided line to explain his views on certain things; this is the case, too, with his views on politics. To understand these views we must examine his allegory of the cave. He said to imagine there was men in a dark cave that were chained by their necks and ankles in such a fashion that they could not move their legs or necks and could only see what was in front of them. These men had been in this cave since childhood. Higher up behind them is a fire that is separated from the prisoners by a sort of puppet-show screen. This fire and screen were used by people carrying various artificial objects, such as figures of men, animals, and other materials, to project the shadows of these objects onto the stone in front of the chained men. It was so dark that these prisoners had no clue they were not alone and if they spoke to each other, they assumed they were speaking with the projected images. Plato goes on to say, imagine if one of them were set free and forced up the steep ascent into the sunlight. He would realize that what he experienced in the cave was not as real as what actually existed. Nature and the sun would enlighten this man and therefore he would gain true knowledge of the world as it is. Plato reasoned that these men, the ones who make it out of the cave, are the men who should rule the rest. His politics were based on man being a social animal, with desires, not only for sleeping or drinking, but communicating with his fellow men in the community. Therefore, he thought communal life is good and all other human goods depend on it for any sufficient satisfaction; an individual, who is really part of the larger state, is neither complete nor himself in isolation. If the good life for the individual is possible only by community, then there must be some sort of government to give direction to the numbers of men and women who live and work together. Plato believed that the few who are wise and good should rule the many. As his theory of Forms suggests, all men participate to the form of man to different degrees. He thought that the few men who participate at the highest levels of the form, the most knowledgeable that have exited the cave and been enlightened, are the ones best for ruling, and doing so rationally; the many are lacking in knowledge and virtue. Plato favored an Aristocracy ruled by these knowledgeable philosopher-kings who would impose the temperance on the producers through selective education and controlled propaganda. Each person, in his view, would find their happiness by playing the part in the state that their degree of participation to the form of man best suited them for. Plato therefore criticized democracy because instead of philosopher-kings who have true knowledge, the rulers are chosen on irrelevant grounds. The art of ruling, which he thought to determine what is best, became in democracy the art of appealing to the masses with flattery. Plato believed that in a democracy it is impossible to exit the cave or rise to the highest section of the divided line because it is powered by rhetoric. Rhetoric works at the level of opinion and only invokes belief by emotional mean, rather than operating at the level of knowledge, where analyzing the forms allows us to discover the truth.

Gladiator Poster Essay Example

Gladiator Poster Essay Example Gladiator Poster Essay Gladiator Poster Essay Examine the techniques used by the advertisers of the film Gladiator to attract their target audience, indicating whether the advertisers succeeded in their aim.  The aim of this poster is to make the target audience want to go and see the film Gladiator Why would you want to go to see the film?  There are many reasons why people would like to go and see the film Gladiator by looking at the poster. It shows a powerful, mighty man in shiny bronze armor with a powerful face, holding a sword looking as though he has just killed someone. In this poster there are many points hitting you in the face wanting to see this film. For instance, the use of colour in this picture suggests that half of the balance is light and the other half dark, perhaps showing that this warrior may not only be evil, but may be good. There is a fiery background at the top, looking like a rain of fire, like clouds or like a volcanic eruption. At the bottom there is a darker image, like a Coliseum with people sitting in it. The people are very small and they are all looking at this huge warrior. : At the top of this poster you see a slogan. The slogan reads What we do in life echoes in eternity, and is split on each side of the gladiators head. What we do in life is on the bright side of the poster, and echoes in eternity is on the darker side. This suggests that the light side represents life, and the dark side represents death. This foreshadows what happens in the film, and makes the audience curious. In addition, it starts with two Ws, which is something one cannot pronounce fast. It is pronounced strong and slow. What we do in life also shows more of a meaner statement: its not something always good, it might be bad; its giving us a choice to think about What we do in life, so it might not always be good. Echoes in eternity is saying that someone (i.e. g-d) will always know what we have done. Therefore, echoes in eternity means something good, like will always be heard in heaven. The positioning of the slogan suggests that there is one dark side and one light side of the poster, and that one part is more aggressive than the other. If the positioning on the poster is looked at, the more forceful part of the slogan is in the light side of the poster, and the less forceful part of the slogan is in the dark side of the poster.  If we look at all the images in the poster, we see a huge warrior looking tall, firm and strong. In the darker, lower part of the poster, we see people sitting in the Coliseum. If the warrior image was not as big, it would not give the same strong and tense feel to the poster. The big title Gladiator is one of the main points in this poster. The colour is crispy, fiery, and sharp. The size of the font is big and it shows that it is a mainly action film. Russell Crowe is written in a large golden font above Gladiator, so that people who like the actors films would be attracted.  The target age of this film would be from ages 15 30. I think this because teenagers would relate to them, because they like blood, fighting and bright strong colours. Here we see a strong, big, fierce man who is looking like he has just attacked someone.  I think that this poster reached its goal. I think this because its quality and meaning is fabulous. Every time you look with depth into this poster, you find something new.

What Comes After Trillion Names of Large Numbers

What Comes After Trillion Names of Large Numbers SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Not sure what number comes after trillion? Interested in the names of other very large numbers? What is a Googol exactly? Read on to learn what comes after trillion, the name of every important number that’s larger than trillion, and some ways to help you conceptualize extremely large values. // What Comes After Trillion? What’s after trillion? Trillion is a 1 with 12 zeros after it, and it looks like this: 1,000,000,000,000. The next named number after trillion is quadrillion, which is a 1 with 15 zeros after it: 1,000,000,000,000,000. // There are, of course, many numbers between trillion and quadrillion, but it isn’t until quadrillion that that number value actually gets a new name. Numbers between the two would always include the word â€Å"trillion†: two trillion, a hundred trillion, etc. // As you can see from the chart in the next section, there is a new name every time the power of a large number increases by 3. // Names of Large Numbers While trillion is an incredibly large number, there are actually many numbers that are larger than it. Below is a chart of all the significant numbers that come after trillion. // The numbers are written with scientific notation to make them easier to read and understand. Name Number Million 1 x106 Billion 1 x109 Trillion 1 x1012 Quadrillion 1 x1015 Quintillion 1 x1018 Sextillion 1 x1021 Septillion 1 x1024 Octillion 1 x1027 Nonillion 1 x1030 Decillion 1 x1033 Undecillion 1 x1036 Duodecillion 1 x1039 Tredecillion 1 x1042 Quattuordecillion 1 x1045 Quindecillion 1 x1048 Sexdecillion 1 x1051 Septendecillion 1 x1054 Octodecillion 1 x1057 Novemdecillion 1 x1060 Vigintillion 1 x1063 Unvigintillion 1 x1066 Duovigintillion 1 x1069 Trevigintillion 1 x1072 Quattuorvigintillion 1 x1075 Quinvigintillion 1 x1078 Sexvigintillion 1 x1081 Septenvigintillion 1 x1084 Octovigintillion 1 x1087 Nonvigintillion 1 x1090 Trigintillion 1 x1093 Untrigintillion 1 x1096 Duotrigintillion 1 x1099 Ten-duotrigintillion (or Googol) 1 x10100 Skewer’s Number 1 x10130 Centillion 1 x10303 Googolplex 1 x 1010100 Skewes’ Number // As you can see, for most of the chart, the power of 10 increases by three for each new number, which means you add three extra zeros to the end of the number to get the next number.For example, a billion is a 1 with nine zeros after it or: 1,000,000,000. Trillion, the next number, is a 1 with twelve zeros after it, or: 1,000,000,000,000. // This pattern continues until you get to Ten-duotrigintillion, more commonly known as a Googol (yes, this is where search engine Google got their name from). There are no names for the numbers between Googol, Skewer’s Number, Centillion, or Googolplex. // You may have noticed that â€Å"zillion† is not on here. Zillion is not actually a real number; it’s simply a term used to refer to an undetermined but extremely large quantity. Understanding Large Numbers You can see all the key massive numbers by looking at the chart above, but what do those numbers actually mean, and how can you understand them?It can be difficult, or even impossible, to conceptualize extremely large numbers, but there are some tricks to getting a general idea of just how large they are.Trillion is one of the smallest numbers in the chart, but it’s still an incredibly large number. If you were to try to count to trillion, it’d take you roughly 31,709 years to do so! A googol, or a 1 with one hundred zeros after it, looks like this when written out: 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000. Writing a large number out like that can sometimes give a better sense of how big it actually is compared to using scientific notation. And what about a googolplex, one of the massive numbers in the chart? A googolplex is 1 followed by a googol of zeros. A googolplex is such a large number that there really is no known use for it yet in math, and some mathematicians and astronomers hypothesize that a googolplex is even greater than the number of atoms in the universe. But, there are numbers even larger than a googolplex. Skewes’ number, developed by mathematician Stanley Skewes is 10 to the 10th to the 10th to the 34th. Skewes was particularly interested in prime numbers, and, when his number was introduced in 1933, it was described by a colleague as "largest number which has ever served any definite purpose in mathematics." However, Skewes’ number has since lost that distinction to Graham’s number, which is currently designated as the world’s largest number. Graham’s number, which cannot be written with conventional notation, was developed by mathematician R.L. Graham. It is so large that, even if all the matter in the universe was converted to pens and ink, it still wouldn’t be enough to write out the number in its entirety. Summary: What Comes After Trillion? What’s after trillion? The next number after trillion is quadrillion, or a 1 with 15 zeros after it: 1,000,000,000,000,000.Knowing the names of large numbers can be useful if you’re working with extremely large values or doing higher-level mathematics. Currently, the largest known number is Graham’s number, which is too large and complicated to either be written down or conceptualized. What's Next? Writing a research paper for school but not sure what to write about?Our guide to research paper topics has over 100 topics in ten categories so you can be sure to find the perfect topic for you. Learning about natural logs? Check out our guide on the 11 natural log rules you must know to ace this subject. What is dynamic equilibrium and what does it have to do with rusty cars? Find out by reading our complete guide to dynamic equilibrium.

Humanistic Era Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Humanistic Era - Essay Example National Labor Relations Act, also called the Wagner Act was introduced in 1935. This act gained existence in the period of Great Depression. Due to Great Depression, the employers have to minimize their functionalities, due to which, employees faced career uncertainty. Unions got active in order to support employees to get their rights. According to Jackson and Mathis (2007), collective bargaining was promoted by the US government under the Wagner act. The employees were not required to be a part of labor union to get their rights as they had the right.According to Bohlander and Snell (2009), the Wagner Act highlighted certain unjust labor actions such as persecution of employees in terms of using their rights, keeping bias against the workers and rejection of the notion of collective bargain for opting for the workers’ spokespersons.TheoristsMary Parker Follett informed in her theory that management should be authoritative with employees or not over them. Employees and emplo yers should form a relationship in which, they share authority and make decisions likewise. In this manner, processing and business functions will be eased out. She introduced the term participative management in her essay, â€Å"The Giving of Orders†.  Ã‚   Huston and Marquis (2008), inform about the theorist, Elton Mayo and his Harvard acquaintances who introduced Hawthorne effect. Like McGregor and Elton Mayo, Chris Argyris also claimed that authoritative behavior from the management’s side disheartens the employees and affect their performance.

The helpful of technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The helpful of technology - Essay Example It is apparent that  whatever we do in our daily lives we interact with technology. Our interactions with technology may be direct or indirect, but the fact of the matter remains that we are benefiting a lot from technology (Oak Web). Have you ever wondered what the world would be like without technology? Talk about the communication sector, transport sector - air transport or road transport or water transport, and the financial sector. We need technology to make all these sectors afloat. Our lives depend solely on these sectors, and without technology, we are not able to have a smooth life. Technology therefore, makes it easy for use to live. The transport sector has undergone a lot of technological advancements throughout the world. Since the invention of the wheel, the transport sector has made incredible transformations. Modernization of the rail transport, road transport and the transport has made it easy for people to transport all sorts of things across the planet. Travelling has been made fast and people take the shortest time possible to get to their destinations. Goods on the other hand, take the least time possible to reach their intended recipients across the continents. This means that people make huge economic gains. Entrepreneurs are able to make maximum profits from their daily business transactions that involve moving their goods from one place to the other (Oak Web). Africa for instance, is the biggest beneficiaries of technological advancements in the transport sector. Close to all African countries are developing economies and therefore, each of them is making large gains out of trading with the rest of the world. The presence of very reliable means of transport to these destinations is of greatest essence to them. Large scale farmers in Africa, especially the ones who are in the flower industry are able to make deliveries to

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Globalization - Essay Example Armed Forces. He took part in the hostilities in Vietnam. In the 70-ies Al Gore worked as a manager of the company Tangle-wood Note Builders Co. in the state of Tennessee, and was a columnist for The Tennessean. In 1977 he was elected to the House of Representatives of the 95th Congress convocation, and was re-elected in 1979, 1981 and 1983. In 1985 he was elected to the U.S. Senate from the state of Tennessee, and reelected in 1991. In 1991 he announced his candidacy for a U.S. presidential candidate of the Democratic Party. At the Democratic National Convention he became a candidate for vice president. In November 1992 he was elected vice president of the United States and re-elected to that position in 1996. Al Gore is married and has one son and three daughters. He lives in Washington, DC. The book â€Å"Earth on the Balance† (1992) was written at a time when Al Gore was the chairman of the Senate committee on ecology and environmental protection. In it in an accessible an d vivid form the problems of maintaining global ecological balance in the current situation are considered. According to many critics, it is one of the most professional researches on environmental problems, ever issued from the pen of political activist. This certainly gives the book a special flavor and keen reader's interest, especially in the third part, where the author offers a number of specific practical measures to improve environmental law and keeping the natural balance in third world countries. The book consists of three parts. In the first part called â€Å"Balance at Risk† the specific examples of ecological imbalance in the different regions of the planet are viewed. In the second part â€Å"The Search for Balance† which, from my point of view, is the most conceptually rich, the author analyses the social, economic and ideological reasons that have made a destructive attitude to the environment possible, which was until recently characteristic of the ind ustrialized world and which even today distinguishes the policy of most developing countries. The third part â€Å"Striking the Balance† is devoted to assessing the ways out of this situation. The book combines a deep analysis of economic and social causes of the current ecological crisis and the great factual material with, in my view, idealistic notions about the possibility of consolidating the efforts of developed countries in the fight against the impending danger. In particular, considerable attention is given to the propaganda of â€Å"a new Marshall Plan† as the author names it, i.e. the reallocation of national product of developed countries (amounting to 100 billion dollars per year) in favor of environment-oriented programs in third world countries. I can’t help noting that even much more modest financial measures approved by the World Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, have not been implemented up to now as well as the fact that the volume of U.S. aid to developing countries in this area was significantly reduced during Bill Clinton and George Bush’s presidency. Meanwhile, a book by A. Gore remains highly relevant as an example of a deep analysis of the origins of the ecological crisis and reflection of the concerns of political circles in the West. â€Å"Earth on the balance† over its four hundred pages undoubtedly gives us a lot of hard-to-dispute empirical facts about the Earth on which we live, about the environment.

Leadership Competencies Required to Become a Global Leader

Leadership Competencies Required to Become a Global Leader THOMAS K. TARUS Introduction Globalization can simply be described as the process of increased interconnectedness among countries most notably in the areas of economics, politics and culture. Friedman et al, (2011) refers to globalization as the integrated and interdependent nature of the worlds economy, culture, political agendas, and educational systems. As our world becomes one village and globalization increases, businesses are changing strategies and operational procedures which are dependent on leaders to deploy and implement. Global leadership has been defined as being capable of operating effectively in a global environment while being respectful of cultural diversity (Harris, Moran, Moran, 2004, p.25). Global leaders are individuals who effect significant positive change in organizations by building communities through the development of trust and arrangement of organizational structures and processes in the context involving multiple cross-boundary stakeholders, multiple sources of external cross-boundary authority, and multiple cultures under conditions of temporal, geographical and culture complexity (Mendenhall 2008:17). Leadership competencies are leadership skills and behaviors that contribute to superior performance. There has been a considerable effort to identify the global leadership competencies that can be learned as well as the most effective learning and development methods for learning them (Tubbs Schulz, 2006). For the purpose of this study, I have aligned 5 research papers to come up with the global leadership competencies listed below. Global Leadership Competencies Birds (2013) framework of nested global leadership competencies has three broad categories with fifteen different competencies that is five in each category. The three categories are (a) competencies of business and organizational acumen, (b) competencies of managing people and relationships, and (c) competence of managing self. Business and organizational acumen Vision and strategic thinking this competency is characterized by first the ability to understand and act in complex and strategic settings, characterized by dimensions such as intellectual intelligence, short and long term thinking, and seeing the interdependent aspects of strategic thinking. Secondly, is the development and articulation of a global vision for an organization and finally is the development and implementation of strategic plans. Business savvy this competency encompasses two types of knowledge and an attitude and is characterized primarily as knowledge based competency. The two types of knowledge are general business savvy and technical oriented knowledge. Bird (2013) describes the attitude as a value added orientation incorporating entrepreneurialism and creativity. Managing communities this competency is centered on the global leaders ability to succeed within the vast network of relationships required in todays global workforce. The three dimensions of this competency include skills to span boundaries, influence stakeholders and accomplish strategic objectives. Organizational savvy this competency consists of the ability to design organizational structures and processes in ways that facilitate global effectiveness and ability to perform effectively within an organization. Leading change this competency results from the instrumental application of all previous competencies in business and organizational acumen. Bird (2013 p. 90) sums it up as the primary thrust of global leadership is to bring about change. Managing people and relationships Valuing people this competency encompasses showing respect for people and their differences, understanding the emotions and motivations of others on a deeper level and creating and maintaining trusting relationships. Interpersonal skills this includes emotional intelligence, sensitivity, engagement and self-awareness. It also involves relationship management skills that include behaviors such as influencing, listening and using relationships for result oriented purposes. Cross-cultural communication this competency is divided into general cultural awareness where both ones own culture as well as the culture of those with whom the global leader works and specific cognitive and behavioral skills in an intercultural context. Empowering others this competency addresses talents such as motivating direct reports, colleagues and superiors by increasing self-efficacy within the relationships. It also incorporates skills related to coaching, instructing, personal and professional development, and delegation of authority. Teaming skills this competency refers to working effectively in multicultural and global teams, as well as being able to both lead and take subordinate roles in global teams. Managing self Resilience this competency refers to ability to cope with the highly stressful challenges of leading across multiple time zones, large distances, myriad cultures, and widely varying national systems. It is characterized by dimensions of optimism, hardiness, and stress reduction, attitudinal facets such as resourcefulness and self-confidence and behavioral skills such as healthy lifestyle choices and work life balance. Character this competency can be narrowed down to integrity, maturity and conscientiousness. Inquisitiveness Bird ((2013) argues that this is the most essential personal quality of global leaders and it refers to an innate curiosity, an openness to learn and humility. It means not letting pride or self-consciousness interfere with the learning process (allowing oneself to be taught by others). Global mindset this refers to the complex melding of new perspectives, attitudes and knowledge within a global context. This is broken down by Bird (2013) into two facets; (a) cognitive complexity, specifically a highly contextualized, multifaceted, multilayered approach to the environment and cosmopolitanism, or interest in knowledge of the greater world. Flexibility this involves willingness to adapt and adjust to varied situations. Bird (2013) describes it as both a cognitive and behavioral component. The cognitive component is intellectual flexibility marked by tolerance for ambiguity, while the behavioral component is behavioral flexibility, indicating a willingness to adapt behaviors to fit the demand of the situation. Conclusion While leadership competencies are the same for domestic and global leaders, certain competencies are more critical for global leaders and the proficiency level typically increases. Also global leaders require a unique set of competencies which is important to lead in diverse environments. References Bird, A. (2013). Mapping the content domain of global leadership competencies. In M. E. Mendenhall, J. S. Osland, A. Bird, G. R. Oddou, M. Maznevski, M. J. Stevens, G. K. Stahl (Eds.), Global leadership: Research, practice and development (2nd ed.; pp. 80-96). New York, NY: Routledge. Friedman, T. L., Mandelbaum, M. (2011). That used to be us: How America fell behind in the world it invented and how we can come back. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. Harris, P. R., Moran, R. T., Moran, S. V. (2004). Managing cultural differences global leadership strategies for the 21st century (6th ed.). Oxford: ButterworthHeinemann/Elsevier. Mendenhall. M. Eà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾ Osland. J. Sà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾ Bird, A.. Oddou, G. R., Maznevski, M. L (2008). Global leadership: Research, practice, and development. London and New York: Routledge. Tubbs, S.L., Schulz, E. (2006). Exploring a taxonomy of global leadership competencies and meta-competencies [electronic version]. Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge, 8, 29.

Biomedical research on animals Essay -- essays research papers fc

Heart attacks, bladder failure, and lack of medical cures are all very serious problems that are killing people today. How can doctors learn more about these medical difficulties? Through animal testing doctors can obtain valid results regarding these medical problems and create cures for people with many other medical difficulties. The progression of medicine and the day to day life styles of the general population rely on the ethical practice of animal testing. The alternatives to animal testing are not very valid. â€Å"Artificial testing with computer simulations, have not reached a technological level at which these simulations can be trusted to give a valid results to experiments(3).† Also, human testing has many restrictions and guidelines that make it almost impossible to perform tests on humans that could mentally or physically harm the subject. Therefore, animals provide a necessary involvement in the tests being performed today because there are no other reliable, valid sources for medical or cosmetic experimentation. Animal testing is imperative to the progression of medical cures, procedures and drugs. Animal research is constantly insuring the healthy future of others or a future at all for infants and children. â€Å"Recent advancements in biomedical research have led to better treatments for common childhood ailments(5).† â€Å"Today, vaccines developed through animal research have all but eradicated diseases such as small pox and polio and treat asthma, juvenile diabetes, childhood cancer and many other illnesses.(5)† This can be seen especially in the advancements of drugs used to cure and inhibit the HIV virus and diabetes. Today, doctors are able to â€Å"achieve long-term insulin independence in a small group of severely diabetic patients who had received pancreatic islet cell transplant, something previously achieved in experimental mice and primates but never before in humans(5).† Now people with sever even life threatening diabetes can receive relief from this dis ease. Without the necessary preliminary testing on mice, this procedure would not be possible. Think about it, a common rodent that people try to eliminate everyday is now saving peoples lives! But why animals? Are they really that biologically close to humans? Now some may argue that an animal’s anatomy is very different than that of a human’s anatomy, which is very true for the most part. H... ...ls are raised in a contained environment just like animals used for experimental research. Both food producing animals and animals used in experiments provide humans with life sustaining products. Animal testing is a way of life because it sustains and extends life and until there are valid alternatives, animal testing will remain an ethical, valid, and conclusive practice. Works Cited Animal Experimentation. 14 Jan. 2002 . Animal Research Fact vs. Myth. 14 Jan 2002 . Are There Valid Research Methods. 14 Jan. 2002 . Bad Company. 18 Jan. 2002 . Breaking the Diabetes Transplant Barrier. 14 Jan. 2002 . Fox, Michael Allen. The Case For Animal Experimentation. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1986. End Notes (1)Animal Experimentation. 14 Jan. 2002 . (2)Animal Research Fact vs. Myth. 14 Jan 2002 . (3)Are There Valid Research Methods. 14 Jan. 2002 . (4)Bad Company. 18 Jan. 2002 . (5)Breaking the Diabetes Transplant Barrier. 14 Jan. 2002 . (6)Fox, Michael Allen. The Case For Animal Experimentation. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1986. The Argument Over Animal Testing

Discipline – Necessary or Not

Disciplining a child entails directing and teaching him or her proper behaviors and acceptable morals. Effective disciplining is all about training a child to act responsibly and practice self control. Discipline is about rewarding and punishing accordingly. It is necessary to discipline children so as to be able to guide them through the loops and turns of life. This discipline should however be within the acceptable parameters (Coloroso, Barbara, 19). Disciplining children has a number of benefits to kids.Through disciplining, children are taught on the appropriate morals that will enable them interact well with the rest of the society. Studies have shown that the kind of the upbringing a child receives from home has a bearing on the type of characters that one exhibits in the society and in later life. Though bad behaviors in kids are not necessarily out of bad parenting, the kind of discipline that one receives will determine to a great extent personal interactions with the rest of the society (Van Zeijl, Jantien; Mesman, 628). Disciplining children is important if a child is to achieve set objectives in life.Children have to be taught a lot of things in life and this cannot be achieved without proper discipline. Aristotle once said that the mind of an individual immediately after birth is like a tabula rasa, clean slate. The mind then is filled with knowledge as the child grows. Disciplining a child then makes him aware of what is good and what is inappropriate. It directs him t the right path arming him with useful knowledge. It helps them to learn how to obey the rules set in the society and by the government. Within the society, people operate under certain framework of set rules.A child who is disciplined and taught how to obey rules will enjoy useful interactions with the rest of the society. It is important that a child be taught how to obey laws and authority. Disciplining a child though does not always turn out well especially if the inappropriate tactics are applied. Parents are in a dilemma over the best strategy to raise and discipline their kids. Some parents scold and spank their children while others just talk to them in the hope that they will change (Williams, Joseph E, 26). Debate has always ranged over the benefits of spanking kids as a form of punishment.This however has been found to be more of retrogressive to a child’s development. Children may end up becoming too timid and submissive (Galivan, Janice, 38). Disciplining children may result to them becoming retroactive than proactive. Disciplining is times a ‘quick fix’ to problems. Children will tend to behave well in the presence of their parents but get out of control when such a cocoon is broken Disciplining kids may also result to a low esteem. It may create a feeling of inadequacy especially in handling important responsibilities as such kids may be used to supervision.This mostly affects kids brought up in highly authoritative environme nts (Leung, Debbie W. ; Slep, Amy M,. 525). Disciplining children however is necessary if children are to develop well. Kids need a guide to direct them towards the proper paths in life. They need to be taught about the societal expectations, good morals and the appropriate attitudes in life. They have to be shown the boundaries in life, acceptable manners and the expected responsibilities. This cannot only be done through observation, it requires firmness.